This volume, the first in a multi-volume series of the final reports of the renewed excavations’ results, includes the final report of the Byzantine (4th-7th centuries c.e.). Architectural remains unearthed at the Ophel, with a description of their layout adaptation to satisfy the needs of the large and growing number of pilgrims that arrived in Jerusalem. The city has become increasingly important for Christians, including the pottery and coin assemblages found within. This book contains a full account of the incredible discovery of the Byzantine Gold and Silver Menorah Treasure, representing the last evidence of activity in the eastern part of the Ophel until modern times. The volume also includes reports on the impressive remains of First Temple Period buildings unearthed at the Ophel’s Solomonic Royal Quarter (10th century b.c.e.). Together with the large amount of glyptic finds, weaponry, cultic objects, ivories and figurines discovered within them, all attesting to the far reaching international contacts Jerusalem enjoyed at that time. The last chapter of this volume presents a unique find belonging to King Hezekiah (8th century b.c.e.) found for the first time in a scientific archaeological excavation. These finds dramatically alter previously held conceptions of the development of ancient Jerusalem and provide striking tangible evidence for its Biblical narratives.